Hydrogen energy storage logistics

How is hydrogen stored?

Hydrogen can be stored via gaseous, liquid, or solid states to increase the energy density. Linked to these storage states, above- and underground storage facilities are required for both short- and long-term storage .

Does hydrogen storage and transportation affect costs in the hydrogen supply chain?

The authors consider hydrogen storage and transportation in the hydrogen supply chain mainly from a technological point of view. In summary, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of transparency regarding the multiple factors specifically affecting costs in the hydrogen storage and transportation stages.

What is a hydrogenious storage plant?

The Hydrogenious storage plant, in which the LOHC benzyltoluene is charged with hydrogen (hydrogenation), can cope with hydrogen streams in very broad purity and pressure ranges.

What is a hydrogen storage sector?

According to Ref. , the storage sector accounts for the facilities (e.g., steel tanks) and the raw materials used to store hydrogen (e.g., hydrogenating LOHC). 11 main technical factors are identified for hydrogen storage, combining common factors valid for all hydrogen carriers and carrier-specific factors.

Can long-term hydrogen storage contribute to a large-scale hydrogen economy?

Given the unstable nature of renewable energy resources (RES), long-term and large-scale hydrogen storage can contribute significantly to developing a large-scale hydrogen economy (on a GW scale) in the future since it can satisfy the hydrogen demand during RES valleys by storing the excess energy during peak times [15, , , , ].

What is a hydrogen supply chain?

Large-scale hydrogen production, storage, and consumption are expected to occur at different times and locations. Therefore, hydrogen transportation is another significant sector in the hydrogen supply chain, seeking to satisfy the hydrogen demand on time in the right locations under an optimized supply chain.